Genetics can play an important role in understanding why some people have a higher risk of developing certain types of cancer. Cancer itself results from changes in DNA that affect how cells grow and divide. These changes can develop during a person’s lifetime or, in some cases, be inherited.
Inherited Genetic Changes
Some people inherit genetic changes from their parents that increase their likelihood of developing particular cancers. Examples include certain inherited changes in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which can be associated with increased risks of breast, ovarian, and other cancers.
Family History and Cancer Risk
Having close relatives with cancer may sometimes indicate an inherited risk, especially when several family members have had related cancers or were diagnosed at unusually young ages. However, a family history does not automatically mean that cancer will develop.
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing can identify certain inherited changes associated with cancer risk. Healthcare professionals may recommend genetic counseling and testing for people with particular family or personal histories.
Genes and Acquired Changes
Not all cancer-related genetic changes are inherited. Many occur during a person’s lifetime because of natural cellular processes, aging, or exposure to certain risk factors.
Final Thoughts
Genetics is only one part of cancer risk. Family history, lifestyle, environmental exposures, age, and other factors can also contribute. People concerned about inherited cancer risk should discuss their family history with a qualified healthcare professional or genetic counselor.
